Probate is what’s left over
I draw about ten frying pans a week on a legal pad. This is not due to my great artist ability.
We offer fee consultations to our client’s named financial successor after a person dies. That would be the Personal Representative, or executor, of a Last Will and Testament, or the Successor Trustee of a Revocable Living Trust.
For trust clients, they are almost always the same person(s).
In those consultations, I draw a frying pan. You see, Wills work through a Court process called probate. They are not effective until a Court appoints you as the actual representative, in Maryland by passing an Order and issuing Letters of Administration.
Probate is the process of “Proving” the Will, meaning that interests parties are notified, and have a chance to object to the will. It is not necessarily good or bad. It is necessary if a will is to be used to distribute assets.
Assets don’t necessarily go through this process: Often nothing does. The process is avoided by either Title or Contract.
Title is by the form of ownership: Most husbands and wives own virtually everything this way as tenants by the entireties (T by E). If your spouse dies and the house, bank accounts and vehicles are in both names, then they are not in the frying pan. They get diverted by the title.
You can own assets jointly with rights of survivorship (JWROS). At the death of one joint owner, the assets go to the survivor.
You can also own property with another person as tenants-in-common, meaning that title of your portion does not convey by title at death.
Like everything in life, title transfer can be good and bad. It’s great because it’s free. It’s bad because it can have unintended consequences. I transfer my house to myself and my son as joint owners, to “avoid probate”. My son has a car accident, and suddenly I may lose my home because my son owns part of it. Adding someone to the deed is simple, but not necessarily a good idea.
I had a client who had two nieces that she put on her two investment accounts, each with a balance of about $200,000. One niece was named as a joint owner of each account. She later entered a long-term care facility. Her one niece dutifully paid the bill for over a year. The other decided to wait and see. When my client died, the niece who was faithful to her got next to nothing, while the other got her full account. How do you think they are now getting along?
Also, it may be that a beneficiary should receive their inheritance in a controlled manner. Special needs beneficiaries need may want their benefits preserved. Someone with a drug problem might be best served with specific controls. A child getting divorced might want to buffer their inheritance.
Title transfers are simple but don’t allow for any controls. They say there is more than one way to skin a cat. The title of an account or real property can be used in ways that prevent these unintended consequences: we primarily use revocable living trusts.
At other times, using a will is the more appropriate vehicle, even if it requires probate.
To weigh out your options, its best to seek the advice of an estate planning attorney.
Note: This is the First of a Series of Five to be published for the next four Thursdays. Subscribe to our blog posts to receive these weekly.
